• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a tool (1) for deforming a metal object under high pressure, comprising at least one channel (2) angled at at least one point (3) and channel openings (4, 5) through which the article can be introduced into the channel or from this is feasible, wherein the channel (2) by a plurality of releasably abutting tool parts (6, 7) leads. In order to prevent an outflow of material of the article at a channel outside when being pressed through the channel (2), the tool parts (6, 7) bear against each other in abutment areas around the channel (2) and are at least partially separated from one another in the remaining regions.
    公开号:AT513366A1
    申请号:T50368/2012
    申请日:2012-09-10
    公开日:2014-03-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Ait Austrian Inst Technology；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    1
    Tool for deforming a metallic object under high pressure
    The invention relates to a tool for deforming a metallic object under high pressure, comprising at least one channel which is angled at at least one point 5, and channel openings through which the object can be inserted into or guided out of the channel, the channel passing through several releasably abutting each other tool parts leads.
    Tools of this type are mainly used to deform or reshape 10 objects using Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP). In this case, a metallic bolt is pressed through an angled channel, resulting in an improved microstructure of the bolt by the massive deformation. Since the channel is angled, high compression pressures are required, resulting in a high load on the tool used. 15
    Different channel geometries are possible in ECAP methods (R.Z. Valiev et al., Progress in Material Science 51 [2006] 881). However, in order to create an angled channel structure, a division of the tool is required so that the selected angled channel geometry, for example by machining 20 can be created. In terms of manufacturing technology, the required, narrow tolerances are a particular challenge. A division is usually carried out in such a way that the dividing plane encloses the channel axis and the channel geometry can easily be worked out of solid material. For this purpose, it can be assumed that plate-shaped semi-finished product from which the two halves of the channel geometry are worked out. Subsequently, the two plates are releasably connected together to form the tool. A second possibility of division is a division perpendicular to the channel axis of a channel. This is possible if the required kink can be introduced in a tool part by milling, which is possible with small dimensions of the tool and up to certain lengths of a developed region. 30
    Since high pressures occur in an ECAP process in the channel, the releasably interconnected tool parts that form the channel must fit firmly together. In particular, no gap formation may occur in those areas in which the two halves of the channel structure touch. Gap formation has the result that lubricant, which is also required for easily deformable metals, or even the material to be pressed, can escape. Another consequence is that a progressive pressing is virtually dry, which requires even higher pressing forces. For materials that are difficult to deform, it can even happen that further deformation is not possible.
    Another disadvantage that can arise from a gap formation, namely in a vertical tool division, lies in the formation of a burr on the deformed object or bolt. Even if a pressing is possible and thereby sets a desired structure, such burr formation is extremely disadvantageous, since the burr must then be removed again by machining. This means an additional cost-intensive step, which also entails material waste.
    The object of the invention is to provide a tool of the aforementioned type, in particular an ECAP tool, in which the above-described disadvantages are eliminated or at least reduced.
    This object is achieved by a tool of the type mentioned above, wherein the tool parts abut each other in investment areas around the channel 20 and at least partially spaced from each other in other areas.
    The invention makes use of the knowledge that a gap formation at the given pressures in an ECAP process occurs when a surface pressure is too low. But it is provided that the tool parts in 25 contact areas abut only around the channel to each other, but in other areas at least partially, preferably completely, are spaced from each other, even when using conventional pressing or clamping forces, for example by screws, a sufficiently high Surface pressure to avoid a gap formation. At the same time, the tool can be taken apart due to the detachability of the tool parts 30, so that the channel is cleaned, for example, for cleaning,
    Inspection or jamming of an object in the channel is basically always accessible. 3/13 3
    The contact areas of the tool parts enclose in the region of the channel this at least over 50%, preferably at least over 80%, in particular essentially completely. The better the channel is enclosed by adjoining contact areas, the more likely it is possible to avoid the formation of a gap when pressing through an object. This is achieved particularly effectively when the
    Investment areas that connect directly to the connecting lines of the formed channel geometry completely surround the channel. The high surface pressure between the two tool parts need only be present in the area around the channel and an exemption in the other areas does not bother. 10
    Preferably, the contact areas of the tool parts are designed so that a surface pressure of the tool parts is above the hydrostatic pressure in the tool and therefore more than 300 MPa, preferably more than 500 MPa. An exact adjustment can be adjusted on the one hand by the size of the contact areas and on the other hand by a pressing or clamping force with which the tool parts are pressed against one another. A surface pressure of 300 MPa or more, preferably 500 MPa or more, is advantageous because the maximum value of the hydrostatic pressure in the duct is lower when calculating a hydrostatic pressure of the lubricant in the duct with highly simplifying assumptions. Are z. B. high-strength steels 20 used, the surface pressure may well be more than 2000 MPa. The required surface pressures or pressures can generally be flexibly adapted to the load limit of the material used.
    In those areas in which the tool parts do not abut each other, these can be spaced arbitrarily far apart. As a rule, the tool is made of two equivalent and equal sized plates or blocks of solid material and the required exemption is in particular to produce by machining, a maximum distance of 0.25 mm, preferably 0.15 mm, from an economic point of view practicable. With the appropriate release, the 30 desired effects can be achieved without too much material to be removed. On the other hand, a certain minimum exemption is desired so that the plates come at least incomplete in applying to the other areas to be freed when applying a high pressing or clamping force, which would relate to the pressing or clamping force on a larger area and thus in particular around the 4/13 4
    Channel does not reach the desired high value. In this regard, minimum distances of 0.02 mm, in particular 0.05 mm, have proved favorable.
    The above dimensions refer to an exemption in the uninstalled state or without application of a pressing or clamping force. Although a gap or an exemption in use is ideal, in particular but can also come with particularly high pressing or clamping forces to a compression of the webs in the investment area, so that the tool parts in the other areas at least partially touch. However, this is not completely detrimental, but may be desirable in individual cases. An overload (eg due to over tightened screws) can then be avoided as well as a greater tilting of the tool parts to each other. In addition, a targeted contact in the other areas in use or after applying a pressing or clamping force may be desired to improve heat conduction between the tool parts.
    The tool parts, usually two, can be connected to one another with one or more clamping and / or fastening means. A simple variant is given by the use of several screws, which are attacked or positioned with advantage in the area of the remaining areas, which also applies if other clamping and / or fastening means are provided. But it is also possible to press the individual tool parts by a hydraulic system to each other. The required contact pressure is in turn designed with respect to a surface pressure, which should be more than 500 MPa in the investment areas as mentioned.
    A particularly simple design of the tool is achieved when the tool parts are formed by plates or blocks. Since in particular softer metals such as copper or aluminum, but also titanium and their alloys are formed by means of ECAP, the use of a material with higher strength, in particular steel, proves to be expedient for the plates.
    Further features, advantages and effects of the invention will become apparent from the embodiment illustrated below. In the drawings, which are referred to, show: 5/13 5
    1 shows a tool according to the invention, which is formed from two tool parts.
    2 shows a first tool part in a plan view;
    FIG. 3 is a highly schematic end view of a tool part according to FIG. 2; FIG.
    4 shows a perspective view of the tool part according to FIGS. 2 and 3; 5 Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of a tool according to the invention.
    In Fig. 1, an inventive tool 1 is shown, which is designed for ECAP method. The tool 1 is formed from two tool parts 6, 7 which are releasably attached to each other with clamping and / or fastening means 10, in the present case screws. The running inside the tool 1 2 channel is accessible through a first channel opening 4 from above. Due to the lateral course ends a second channel opening 5, which is hidden in Fig. 1, on a rear side of the tool 1. 15 With reference to FIGS. 2 to 4, the individual tool parts 6, 7 are explained in more detail. The tool parts 6, 7 are each made of a metal, in particular steel. It is generally assumed that plate-shaped solid material, in which first in a plate or a block, a first half of the channel 2 is introduced, in particular by machining. The channel 2 is angled at least at 20 a point 3. Subsequently, the illustrated six holes 11 holes, possibly threaded, are introduced for later to be arranged in screws. As a further working step, which can be carried out in principle before the introduction of the holes and / or the introduction of the channel structure, the preparation of an exemption is provided outside of investment areas 9, which are shown dotted in Fig. 2. The release is carried out in the remaining areas 8 preferably over the entire surface, although depending on the application, only a portion of the remaining areas 8 can be exempted. The preparation of the exemption is preferably also carried out by machining by simply a part of the surface of the plate or block-shaped material is removed in the subsequent to the contact areas 9 30 sector. The release is in depth preferably 0.02 to 0.25 mm, so it is low and only in the highly schematic representation in Fig. 3 can be seen. In practice, values of about 0.08 to 0.12 mm have proved to be particularly advantageous, by which the other areas 8 are lowered relative to the contact areas 9. Although in this embodiment, the cropped area is a 6/13 6
    Plane shown, the cropped surface may also be kinked or have a different structure, which differs from a plane. Appropriately, it is also z. B. by drilling another channel 12, which does not serve for pressing objects, but is useful for example for cooling and / or heating purposes.
    The second tool part 7 is made analogous to the first tool part 6 and complementary to this. If no internal threads are provided in the bores in the first tool part 6, these are to be provided in the second tool part 7. It is also possible a continuous formation of the holes when screws are fastened with nuts. The formation of investment areas 9 and exemptions in the other areas 8 is also analogous. As a result, a symmetry is parallel to a plane of the two tool parts 6, 7, which may prove to be favorable in particular with respect to cooling / heating and thus an ECAP method.
    Alternatively, however, it may be provided that an exemption takes place only in one of the two tool parts 6, 7. Also in this case, the two tool parts 6, 7 abut each other only in the contact areas 9.
    To use the two tool parts 6, 7 are applied to each other and releasably connected by inserting screws through the holes. The screws are tensioned until a pressing force of 500 MPa or more is achieved in the area of the contact areas 9. This ensures in use that when pressing a bolt or other metallic object through the tool 1 the same in the contact areas of the two halves of the channel 2 remains tight and in particular no lubricant can escape, but also no burring on the bolt or object is given ,
    It is understood that the tool 1 also comprises other components which are required for the passage of an article through the channel 2, in particular a means for applying a corresponding pressure to the object, for example a piston-cylinder unit. In addition, a second means for pressure application can be provided, which engages over the channel opening 5 at the lower end of the channel 2 in the tool 1, so that during the pressing of the article, a back pressure can be applied. This proves to be beneficial in ECAP procedures. 7/13 7
    Although the above-described embodiment relates to a tool 1 with a circular cross-section channel 2, other channel geometries can be provided in cross-section. The channel 2 can, for. B. may be formed in cross-section with at least one flat boundary surface. For example, 5 rectangular or square cross sections are possible. In such cross sections, one of the tool parts 6, 7 or a plate or a block in the contact area 9 may be formed flat when the first tool part 6 or the plate simultaneously defines a boundary surface of the channel 2. This results in particular in a favorable embodiment, when an exemption is only attached to the second tool part 7 10. The first tool part 6 then does not need to be processed separately, neither for the channel 2 nor for the exemption.
    FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment variant of a tool 1 according to the invention. In this variant, the tool 1 in turn comprises two tool parts 6, 15 7, wherein the indicated channel 2 passes through them. The channel 2 points in the second
    Tool part 7 a kink, which can be introduced by milling. In contrast to the first embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 4, the channel 2 is to be kept tight only in the region of the horizontal pitch of the tool 1, which in turn is achieved by a suitable release in the remaining areas 8 and a connection in the 20 contact areas 9. 8.13
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    A tool (1) for deforming a metal object under high pressure, comprising at least one channel (2) angled at at least one location (3) 5, and channel openings (4, 5) through which the object is moved the channel (2) can be inserted or guided out of it, wherein the channel (2) leads through a plurality of tool parts (6, 7) adjoining one another, characterized in that the tool parts (6, 7) in abutment areas (9) around the Channel (2) around abut each other and in other areas (8) are at least partially spaced apart. 10
    [2]
    2. Tool (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the contact areas (9) of the tool parts (6, 7) in the region of the channel (2) this at least over 50%, preferably at least over 80%, in particular substantially completely, enclose. 15
    [3]
    3. Tool (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the contact areas (9) is a surface pressure of the tool parts (6, 7) more than 300 MPa, preferably more than 500 MPa.
    [4]
    4. Tool (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tool parts (6, 7) in the remaining areas (8) between 0.02 and 0.25 mm, in particular 0.05 and 0.15 mm, are spaced from each other.
    [5]
    5. Tool (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that 25, the tool parts (6, 7) with one or more clamping and / or fastening means (10) are interconnected.
    [6]
    6. Tool (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the or the clamping and / or fastening means (10) in the region of the remaining regions (8) attack 30 or are positioned.
    [7]
    7. Tool (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the tool parts (6, 7) are formed by plates or blocks. 9/13
    [8]
    8. Tool (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the plates consist of a steel. 10/13
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    同族专利:
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    EP2705912A1|2014-03-12|
    AT513366B1|2017-06-15|
    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    2021-05-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20200910 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50368/2012A|AT513366B1|2012-09-10|2012-09-10|Tool for deforming a metallic object under high pressure|ATA50368/2012A| AT513366B1|2012-09-10|2012-09-10|Tool for deforming a metallic object under high pressure|
    EP13182926.9A| EP2705912A1|2012-09-10|2013-09-04|Tool for forming a metal object under high pressure|
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